[{"content":"Select a state to view district maps for both redistricting cycles:\nAlaska Arizona Montana New Mexico North Dakota South Dakota Wyoming ","date":null,"permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/maps/","section":"Additional Maps","summary":"","title":"Additional Maps"},{"content":"2022 Redistricting Cycle (2020 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n2012 Redistricting Cycle (2010 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/maps/alaska/","section":"Additional Maps","summary":"","title":"Alaska"},{"content":"2022 Redistricting Cycle (2020 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n2012 Redistricting Cycle (2010 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/maps/arizona/","section":"Additional Maps","summary":"","title":"Arizona"},{"content":"","date":null,"permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/categories/","section":"Categories","summary":"","title":"Categories"},{"content":"These figures show absolute dislocation values for each district — a measure of how much a district\u0026rsquo;s Native population share deviates from what would be expected given the local racial geography. Positive values indicate districts where Native voters are more concentrated than their geography alone would predict (packing); negative values indicate districts where they are more dispersed (cracking).\nNational overview figures appear first, followed by state-specific breakdowns for the seven states with the largest Native populations: Alaska, Arizona, Montana, North Dakota, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Wyoming.\n2020 Redistricting Cycle #All Chambers — National #Figure 5 in the paper (right panel)\nAbsolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, all chambers) Lower Chamber — National # Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chambers) Upper Chamber — National # Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chambers) By State — All Chambers # Alaska — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) Arizona — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) Montana — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) North Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) New Mexico — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) South Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) Wyoming — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) By State — Lower Chamber # Alaska — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Arizona — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Montana — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) North Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) New Mexico — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) South Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Wyoming — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) By State — Upper Chamber # Alaska — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Arizona — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Montana — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) North Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) New Mexico — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) South Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Wyoming — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) 2010 Redistricting Cycle #All Chambers — National #Figure 5 in the paper (left panel)\nAbsolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, all chambers) Lower Chamber — National # Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chambers) Upper Chamber — National # Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chambers) By State — All Chambers # Alaska — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) Arizona — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) Montana — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) North Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) New Mexico — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) South Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) Wyoming — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) By State — Lower Chamber # Alaska — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Arizona — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Montana — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) North Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) New Mexico — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) South Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Wyoming — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) By State — Upper Chamber # Alaska — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Arizona — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Montana — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) North Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) New Mexico — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) South Dakota — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Wyoming — Absolute dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) ","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/figures/dislocation-maps/","section":"Figures","summary":"","title":"Dislocation Maps (Absolute)"},{"content":"These figures present the same analyses as the absolute dislocation maps but using proportional dislocation values rather than absolute ones. The paper reports absolute dislocation values as the primary measure because they are more intuitive; proportional values are included here because they are the conventional measure in the partisan gerrymandering literature.\nNational overview figures appear first, followed by state-specific breakdowns for Alaska, Arizona, Montana, North Dakota, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Wyoming.\n2020 Redistricting Cycle #All Chambers — National #Appendix figure in the paper\nProportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, all chambers) Lower Chamber — National # Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chambers) Upper Chamber — National # Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chambers) By State — All Chambers # Alaska — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) Arizona — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) Montana — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) North Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) New Mexico — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) South Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) Wyoming — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle) By State — Lower Chamber # Alaska — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Arizona — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Montana — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) North Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) New Mexico — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) South Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Wyoming — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) By State — Upper Chamber # Alaska — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Arizona — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Montana — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) North Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) New Mexico — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) South Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Wyoming — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) 2010 Redistricting Cycle #All Chambers — National #Appendix figure in the paper\nProportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, all chambers) Lower Chamber — National # Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chambers) Upper Chamber — National # Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chambers) By State — All Chambers # Alaska — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) Arizona — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) Montana — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) North Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) New Mexico — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) South Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) Wyoming — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle) By State — Lower Chamber # Alaska — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Arizona — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Montana — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) North Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) New Mexico — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) South Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) Wyoming — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chamber) By State — Upper Chamber # Alaska — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Arizona — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Montana — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) North Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) New Mexico — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) South Dakota — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) Wyoming — Proportional dislocation by district NVAP (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chamber) ","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/figures/proportional-dislocation-maps/","section":"Figures","summary":"","title":"Dislocation Maps (Proportional)"},{"content":"These figures show the distribution of state legislative districts by their Native voting-age population (NVAP) share, distinguishing between districts that did and did not elect a Native representative.\n2020 Redistricting Cycle #National #Figure 1 in the paper\nDistricts electing (and not electing) Native Representatives by Native VAP (2020 redistricting cycle) By State #Figure 2 in the paper\nDistricts electing (and not electing) Native Representatives by Native VAP, by State (2020 redistricting cycle) 2010 Redistricting Cycle #National # Districts electing (and not electing) Native Representatives by Native VAP (2010 redistricting cycle) By State # Districts electing (and not electing) Native Representatives by Native VAP, by State (2010 redistricting cycle) ","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/figures/district-native-share/","section":"Figures","summary":"","title":"District Native Share Histograms"},{"content":"This section contains all figures from the paper, plus additional supplementary figures not included in the main text. Use the links below to navigate by figure type.\n","date":null,"permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/figures/","section":"Figures","summary":"","title":"Figures"},{"content":"2022 Redistricting Cycle (2020 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n2012 Redistricting Cycle (2010 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/maps/montana/","section":"Additional Maps","summary":"","title":"Montana"},{"content":"These figures show the relationship between a district\u0026rsquo;s Native voting-age population (NVAP) share and the probability that it elects a Native representative. Figures from the 2020 redistricting cycle (based on the 2020 census) appear first, followed by analogous figures from the 2010 redistricting cycle.\n2020 Redistricting Cycle #All Chambers — National #Figure 3 in the paper\nNative VAP \u0026amp; Probability of Electing Native Representatives (2020 redistricting cycle, all chambers) Lower Chamber — National # Native VAP \u0026amp; Probability of Electing Native Representatives (2020 redistricting cycle, lower chambers) Upper Chamber — National # Native VAP \u0026amp; Probability of Electing Native Representatives (2020 redistricting cycle, upper chambers) All Chambers — By State # Native VAP \u0026amp; Probability of Electing Native Representatives by State (2020 redistricting cycle) 2010 Redistricting Cycle #All Chambers — National #Appendix figure in the paper\nNative VAP \u0026amp; Probability of Electing Native Representatives (2010 redistricting cycle, all chambers) Lower Chamber — National # Native VAP \u0026amp; Probability of Electing Native Representatives (2010 redistricting cycle, lower chambers) Upper Chamber — National # Native VAP \u0026amp; Probability of Electing Native Representatives (2010 redistricting cycle, upper chambers) All Chambers — By State # Native VAP \u0026amp; Probability of Electing Native Representatives by State (2010 redistricting cycle) ","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/figures/probability-plots/","section":"Figures","summary":"","title":"Native Representation Probability Plots"},{"content":"2022 Redistricting Cycle (2020 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n2012 Redistricting Cycle (2010 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/maps/new-mexico/","section":"Additional Maps","summary":"","title":"New Mexico"},{"content":"2022 Redistricting Cycle (2020 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n2012 Redistricting Cycle (2010 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/maps/north-dakota/","section":"Additional Maps","summary":"","title":"North Dakota"},{"content":" We undertake the first systematic, cross-state investigation of the relationship between Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act and Native representation. Though it is not necessary for Native representation, it remains an important contributor. It also contributes to packing of Native voters: safe Section 2 districts — in which Native voters constitute a majority — decrease Native influence in surrounding districts. We provide novel empirical support for a longstanding critique of Section 2\u0026rsquo;s focus on minority ability to elect, not their influence. Because Native communities have relatively small populations, the focus on electability can impose especially harsh trade-offs on influence.\nFrom Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act and Native Representation by Nicholas Eubank and Emily Rong Zhang.\n","date":null,"permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/","section":"Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act and Native Representation","summary":"","title":"Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act and Native Representation"},{"content":"2022 Redistricting Cycle (2020 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n2012 Redistricting Cycle (2010 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/maps/south-dakota/","section":"Additional Maps","summary":"","title":"South Dakota"},{"content":"","date":null,"permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/tags/","section":"Tags","summary":"","title":"Tags"},{"content":"2022 Redistricting Cycle (2020 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n2012 Redistricting Cycle (2010 Census Demographics) # Lower Chamber\nUpper Chamber\n","date":"1 January 0001","permalink":"https://nativeamericanrepresentation.org/maps/wyoming/","section":"Additional Maps","summary":"","title":"Wyoming"}]